Guhagarika ejo hazaza! Uburyo NdFeB magnesi ayoboye impinduramatwara yicyatsi munganda zimodoka

Nkibikoresho bikoresha imbaraga zidasanzwe-isi ihoraho, neodymium-fer-boron (NdFeB) yafashe umwanya udasubirwaho mubikorwa by’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi meza cyane kuva yatunganyirizwa hamwe na Sumitomo Special Metals na General Motors mu 1982 .Ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibi bikoresho ntabwo ritezimbere gusa imikorere nubucucike bwa moteri, ahubwo binagabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu, bigira uruhare runini mugushira mubikorwa ingufu zo kubungabunga ingufu zisi, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, nintego ziterambere zirambye. Iyi ngingo izaganira ku buryo burambuye ingaruka za NdFeB ku nganda z’imodoka, icyerekezo cy’inganda, n’ingorane n’amahirwe ahura nazo, kandi izahuza amakuru y’inganda n’isesengura ry’isoko, imanza zihariye, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga bigamije gusuzuma uko ibintu bimeze ubu n'icyerekezo cy'iterambere. y'uyu murima duhereye ku buryo bwimbitse.

1. Kwiyongera kw'Isabwa no Kwagura Isoko: Kwiyongera ku isi hose ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoresha ingufu no gushimangira kurengera ibidukikije, cyane cyane iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi y’umuyaga, inganda zikoresha inganda, n’izindi nzego zigenda zivuka, byatumye abantu benshi basabwa gukenera- imikorere, moteri ikora neza. MagnF ya NdFeB yahindutse ibikoresho byo guhitamo murimurima kubera imiterere ya magnetique nziza cyane, byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamuka kwihuse kwinganda za NdFeB no kwaguka kwinshi kwisoko. Nk’uko raporo z’inganda zibitangaza, isoko rya NdFeB ku isi ryagize iterambere rikomeye mu myaka icumi ishize kandi biteganijwe ko rizakomeza kwaguka kuri CAGR irenga 10% mu myaka itanu iri imbere.
2. Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kuzamura ibiciro: Abakora za magneti zihoraho za NdFeB bahura n’ibibazo byinshi byo kugabanya ibiciro, kunoza imikorere, no guharanira itangwa ryiza. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, inganda zagiye zishora imari mu bushakashatsi kugira ngo zishakishe uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya ibintu no kunoza uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, nko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’ifu ya metallurgie yateye imbere ndetse n’uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no kurwanya ruswa ya magneti ya NdFeB. Byongeye kandi, mugutezimbere ibishushanyo mbonera bya rukuruzi hamwe nuburyo bwa magneti, imikorere no kwizerwa bya moteri birashobora kurushaho kunozwa, bikagabanya gushingira kubikoresho fatizo no kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro muri rusange.
3. Ibidukikije byita ku bidukikije no gushyigikira politiki: Moteri ya NdFeB ihoraho ifite inyungu zikomeye mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bityo bakaba baritabiriwe cyane n’inkunga ya politiki y’umuryango mpuzamahanga. Guverinoma zashyizeho ingamba zo gushishikariza R&D no gukoresha moteri ikora neza, itanga ibidukikije byiza n’iterambere ry’inganda za NdFeB

Kuzamuka kabiri mubiciro no mubikorwa hamwe no guhanga udushya

1. Ingufu z’icyatsi n’iterambere rirambye: Hamwe n’ishoramari rikomeje ku isi mu mbaraga zishobora kongera ingufu ndetse no kwiyongera guturika kw'isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, icyifuzo cya moteri ikora cyane kizagera ku rwego rutigeze rubaho. Moteri ihoraho ya moteri (PMSMs) ikoreshwa cyane muri turbine yumuyaga hamwe na sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, kandi biteganijwe ko ibisabwa na magneti NdFeB bizakomeza kwiyongera cyane mumyaka iri imbere. Kurugero, Tesla ikoresha moteri ya magnetiki ihoraho (PMSMs) muri Model yayo 3, ikoresha magneti ya NdFeB kandi itanga ingufu nyinshi kandi ikora neza ugereranije na moteri isanzwe yinjira, kandi nikintu gikomeye cyerekana iterambere ryikoranabuhanga mumodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
2. Guhanga udushya no gukoresha uburyo butandukanye: Gukomeza guhanga udushya mu gushushanya ibinyabiziga no mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda bizateza imbere iterambere rya moteri mu cyerekezo cyo gukora neza n’ubwenge. Kurugero, muguhuza ibyuma byifashishwa no kugenzura algorithms, moteri irashobora kumenya kwisuzumisha hamwe no kubungabunga ibiteganijwe kugirango tunoze imikorere kandi yizewe. Hagati aho, hamwe noguhuza tekinoloji igezweho nka interineti yibintu (IoT), amakuru manini, hamwe nubwenge bwa artile (AI), moteri izahabwa imirimo myinshi kugirango ihuze ibikenewe muburyo butandukanye. Kurugero, muguhuza AI hamwe na mashini yiga algorithms, moteri izaza izashyirwaho kugirango irusheho kugira ubwenge, ishoboye guhita ihindura imikorere yimikorere kugirango ihuze nuburyo butandukanye bwimitwaro, imenye neza ubwenge bwubwenge.

Umuyaga wiburasirazuba wa politiki, inyanja yubururu yisoko

1. Kuyobora politiki n'amahirwe y'isoko: Gahunda ya guverinoma y'Ubushinwa "Gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu" irateganya neza guteza imbere ingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya n’izindi nganda zigenda zitera imbere, moteri ikora neza nk’umuhuza w’ingenzi, izatangiza inyungu za politiki n’isoko gusaba inyungu ebyiri. Ibindi bihugu n’uturere nabyo biteza imbere politiki isa, bigashyiraho isoko ryagutse ku nganda z’imodoka n’inganda za NdFeB.
2. Umutekano wo gutanga amasoko no gusimbuza ibikoresho: Umutekano wo gutanga ibikoresho bya NdFeB uragenda ugaragara cyane, bitewe n’uko ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gutunganya ibikoresho byabwo byibanda cyane mu bihugu bike kandi bikabangamira ibidukikije n'umutungo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inganda zirimo gushakisha ibisubizo, harimo guteza imbere magneti zihenze, zidafite ibintu bike-bidasanzwe-isi, gukoresha ibikoresho bya magneti bidasanzwe-bidasanzwe bihoraho nk'inyongera, ndetse no kongera imyanda no kuyikoresha, no kubaka uruziga rutanga uruziga kugirango harebwe igihe kirekire cyo gutanga amasoko arambye kandi arambye. Inzego zubushakashatsi zirimo guteza imbere magnet ya NdFeB ishingiye ku buhanga bwa nanocrystalline. Ibi bikoresho bishya biteganijwe ko bizakomeza ibintu bya magneti mugihe bigabanya gushingira kubintu byingenzi bidasanzwe byubutaka no kuzamura ubukungu n’ibidukikije.

Tanga Urunigi Kuvugurura no Gusimbuza Ibikoresho Inzira Imbere

Uruhare rwibanze rwa NdFeB mu nganda z’imodoka ntirusimburwa, kandi ubwuzuzanye n’iterambere rusange hamwe n’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga biteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’impinduramatwara y’ingufu ku isi ndetse n’intego z’iterambere rirambye. Imbere y'ejo hazaza, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga n'inganda za NdFeB zizafatanya gukemura ibibazo, gukoresha amahirwe, kwihutisha udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kuzamura inganda, kandi bigire uruhare mu iyubakwa rya sisitemu y’ingufu za karubone nkeya, zifite ubwenge kandi zikora neza. Muri iki gikorwa, ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, guhuza inganda no kuyobora politiki bizaba ibintu byingenzi bifasha inganda z’imodoka ku isi n’inganda NdFeB gutera imbere mu bihe biri imbere.

Kurema Icyatsi nicyiza kizaza

Kwishyira hamwe kwa ibikoresho bya NdFeB n’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga ntabwo ari udushya gusa mu rwego rwa tekiniki, ahubwo ni n'ingaruka zikomeye ku ihinduka ry’ingufu ku isi no ku ntego z’iterambere rirambye. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoloji no kwagura isoko, ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bya NdFeB bizakoreshwa cyane, bitange inkunga ikomeye yo kuzigama ingufu ku isi no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe n’impinduramatwara y’ingufu. Hagati aho, guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano w’itangwa ry’isoko no gukomeza umutungo, inganda zigomba gufata ingamba zuzuye, zirimo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, guhuza politiki n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, kugira ngo iterambere ryiza n’ejo hazaza h’inganda za NdFeB. Hamwe nimbaraga zihuriweho nisi yose, dufite impamvu zo kwizera ko NdFeB ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho hamwe ninganda za moteri bizashiraho ejo hazaza heza, ubwenge kandi bunoze.