Ukuphazamisa Ikamva! Iimagnethi zeNdFeB zikhokela njani kwinguqu eluhlaza kushishino lweemoto

Njengomgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza okunqabileyo-umhlaba wemagnethi osisigxina, i-neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) ithathe indawo yeqhinga elingenakuphinda lithathelwe indawo kumzi mveliso wemoto yombane ngeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zemagnethi ukusukela oko yaphuhliswa ngokudibeneyo yiSumitomo Special Metals kunye neGeneral Motors ngo-1982. . Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwesi sixhobo akuphuculi kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokuxinana kwamandla eenjini, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, okwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ekufezekiseni ukugcinwa kwamandla ehlabathi, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kunye neenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha ngokubanzi impembelelo ye-NdFeB kushishino lweemoto, ithemba loshishino, kunye nemingeni kunye namathuba ajongene nawo, kwaye udibanise idatha yoshishino kunye nohlalutyo lwemarike, iimeko ezithile, kunye neendlela zobuchwepheshe ukuhlola imeko yangoku kunye nolwalathiso lophuhliso. yale ntsimi kwimbono enzulu ngakumbi.

1. Ukukhula kweMbango kunye noKwandiswa kweMakethi: Ukuphuculwa kwemigangatho yehlabathi yokusebenza kwamandla kunye nogxininiso kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zombane, ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya, ukuzenzela kwemizi-mveliso, kunye namanye amasimi asahlumayo, kukhokelele kwimfuno ephezulu yombane. ukusebenza, iimotor eziphezulu. Iimagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB ziye zaba yinto ekhethwayo kula macandelo ngenxa yeempawu zabo zemagneti ezibalaseleyo, ezithe zanegalelo elithe ngqo ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kweshishini le-NdFeB kunye nokwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwesikali semarike. Ngokweengxelo zemizi-mveliso, imakethi ye-NdFeB yehlabathi ifumene ukukhula okubonakalayo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula kwi-CAGR engaphezulu kwe-10% kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.
2. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kunye nokwandisa iindleko: Abavelisi bemagnethi esisigxina ye-NdFeB bajongene nemingeni emininzi yokunciphisa iindleko, ukuphucula ukusebenza, kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lokubonelela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ishishini lityale imali ngokuqhubekayo kuphando lokuphonononga ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokwandisa iinkqubo zemveliso, ezinjengokwamkela itekhnoloji yomgubo wesinyithi ophambili kunye neenkqubo zonyango lomphezulu wokuphucula ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kweemagnethi ze-NdFeB. Ukongeza, ngokuphucula uyilo lwesekethe yemagnethi kunye noyilo lwemagnethi, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kweemoto kunokwandiswa ngakumbi, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwimathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokwehliswa kweendleko zemveliso zizonke.
3. Ubungane bendalo kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo: I-NdFeB yee-motor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, ngoko ke baye bafumana ingqalelo ebanzi kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Oorhulumente bavelise inkuthazo ukukhuthaza i-R&D kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ezibonelela ngemekobume encomekayo yangaphandle kunye nomfutho wophuhliso kushishino lwe-NdFeB.

Impumelelo ephindwe kabini kwiindleko kunye nokusebenza ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe

1. Amandla oMhlaza kunye noPhuhliso oluZinzileyo: Ngotyalo-mali oluqhubekayo lwehlabathi kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokukhula okugqabhukileyo kwemarike yezithuthi zombane, imfuno yeemoto ezisebenza kakhulu iya kufikelela kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili. Iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi ze-synchronous (PMSMs) ziya zisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiiinjini zomoya kunye neenkqubo zokuqhuba izithuthi zombane, kwaye imfuno yemagnethi ye-NdFeB kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ukukhula ngamandla kule minyaka izayo. Umzekelo, uTesla usebenzisa iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina (PMSMs) kwiModeli 3 yayo, esebenzisa iimagnethi zeNdFeB kwaye ibonelele ngoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa neemotor zokungenisa eziqhelekileyo, kwaye yimeko ephawulekayo yokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kwizithuthi zombane.
2. Utshintsho lwetekhnoloji kunye nokwahluka kwezicelo: Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha ngokuqhubekayo kuyilo lweemoto kunye nethekhnoloji yokuvelisa kuya kukhuthaza uphuhliso lweemoto kwicala lokusebenza ngakumbi kunye nobukrelekrele. Ngokomzekelo, ngokudibanisa i-sensor kunye ne-algorithms yokulawula, ii-motor ziyakwazi ukuzibona ukuzixilonga kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Ngeli xesha, ngokudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili obunje nge-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT), idatha enkulu, kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI), iimotor ziya kunikwa imisebenzi engaphezulu yokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezilungiselelwe ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokudibanisa i-AI kunye ne-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini, ii-motor zexesha elizayo ziya kuyilwa ukuba zibe krelekrele ngakumbi, zikwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo imeko yazo yokusebenza ukuze zihambelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo, ukuqonda iidrive ezikrelekrele ngokwenene.

Umoya waseMpuma wepolisi, ulwandle oluluhlaza lwemarike

1. Isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo kunye namathuba emarike: urhulumente waseTshayina "iSicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ye-14" sibeka ngokucacileyo ukuphuhlisa ngamandla amandla amatsha, izinto ezintsha kunye namanye amashishini asakhasayo anobuchule, iinjini ezisebenza kakuhle njengekhonkco eliphambili, ziya kuzisa izabelo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nentengiso. imfuno yenzuzo ephindwe kabini. Amanye amazwe kunye nemimandla ikwakhuthaza ngenkuthalo imigaqo-nkqubo efanayo, idala indawo yentengiso ebanzi yoshishino lweemoto kunye noshishino lwe-NdFeB.
2. Ukhuseleko lwesixokelelwano sobonelelo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezinto: Ukhuseleko lwekhonkco lonikezelo lwemathiriyeli ye-NdFeB luya lubonakala ngakumbi nangakumbi, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba ukumbiwa kunye nokusetyenzwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kugxininiswe kakhulu kumazwe ambalwa kwaye ajongana nemiqobo yokusingqongileyo kunye nemithombo. Ke ngoko, ishishini lifuna izisombululo ngenkuthalo, kubandakanywa uphuhliso lweemagnethi zomhlaba ezinexabiso eliphantsi, ezisezantsi ezinqabileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ezingezizo ezongezelelekileyo njengezongezo, kunye nokwandiswa kokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nokwakhiwa kwenkqubo yesixokelelwano sonikezelo lwesetyhula ukuqinisekisa uzinzo nozinzo lwekhonkco lonikezelo lwexesha elide. Amaziko ophando aphuhlisa imagnethi ye-NdFeB esekwe kwitekhnoloji ye-nanocrystalline. Esi sixhobo sitsha kulindeleke ukuba sigcine iipropathi zemagneti ngelixa sinciphisa ukuthembela kwizinto eziphambili zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nokuphucula uqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.

ULungiselelo lweSixokelelwano soBonelelo ngokutsha kunye noTshintsho lweMathiriyeli Indlela yokuPhambili

Eyona ndima ingundoqo ye-NdFeB kushishino lweemoto ayinakuthathelwa indawo, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwayo kunye nophuhliso olufanayo noshishino lweemoto ngokudibeneyo lukhuthaza ukufezekiswa kwenguqu yamandla ohlaza yehlabathi kunye neenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, ishishini leemoto kunye noshishino lwe-NdFeB luya kusebenzisana ukuhlangabezana nemingeni, luthabathe amathuba, lukhawulezise ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso, kwaye lube negalelo kulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yamandla yale mihla enekhabhoni ephantsi, ekrelekrele nesebenzayo. Kule nkqubo, intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, intsebenziswano kushishino kunye nesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo iya kuba zizinto eziphambili zokunceda ishishini leemoto zehlabathi kunye noshishino lwe-NdFeB ukuya kwikamva elinempumelelo ngakumbi.

Ukudala iKamva eliLihlaza nelikrelekrele

Ukudityaniswa ngokusondeleyo kwezixhobo ze-NdFeB kunye neshishini leemoto ayisiyonto nje into entsha kwinqanaba lobugcisa, kodwa ikwanegalelo elikhulu kutshintsho lwesakhiwo samandla ehlabathi kunye neenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo kunye nokwandiswa kweemarike, izixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB ziya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, zibonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo yogcino lwamandla ehlabathi kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla ohlaza. Okwangoku, ejongene nemingeni yokhuseleko lwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokuzinza kwezibonelelo, ishishini kufuneka lithathe amanyathelo abanzi, kubandakanywa ukutsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukulungelelaniswa komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso olunempilo kunye nekamva lexesha elide leshishini le-NdFeB. Ngeenzame ezidibeneyo zehlabathi, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba i-NdFeB yezinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi kunye neshishini leemoto liya kudala ikamva eliluhlaza, elikrelekrele nelinempumelelo ngakumbi.