UziSebenzisa njani iiMoto eziRare Earth Uphuhliso lomgangatho wemigodi yasezidolophini
Ukubaluleka kokuPhuhliswa koMgodi weDolophu kuPhuculo loMgangatho kuRhwebo lweMoto yoMhlaba oRaresayiklisiweyo
Ngoxa ubuncwane bomhlaba buya buphela, “ubuncwane” obukhethekileyo benkunkuma yasezidolophini buyaqhubeka bukhula, yaye izixeko ziye zaba zezona ndawo zityebileyo kwibutho labantu. Izibonelelo ezikhutshwe emhlabeni zihlanganiswa kwizixeko ngendlela yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla eziveliswayo, kunye neentsalela ezikhoyo ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokusetyenziswa ziguqule izixeko zibe olunye uhlobo "lwam". Ngokutsho kwedatha ekhutshwe yi-US Geological Survey (USGS) ngo-2023, iindawo zokugcina umhlaba ezinqabileyo zaseChina zibalelwa kwi-35.2% yehlabathi, imigodi ibalelwa kuma-58% ehlabathi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa komhlaba okunqabileyo kubalelwa kwi-65% yehlabathi, ngokwezinga. okokuqala ehlabathini kuzo zontathu ezi nkalo. I-China lelona lizwe livelisa umhlaba, lithumela ngaphandle, kwaye lisebenzisa umhlaba onqabileyo, likwisikhundla esongamileyo. Inani elikhulu leemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ziye zangena kuzo zonke iinkalo zezicelo zoshishino. Idatha evela kwiZiko loPhando lwezoShishino laseHuajing libonisa ukuba izinto ezinqabileyo zemagnethi zomhlaba ezisisigxina zibalelwe ngaphezulu kwe-42% yokusetyenziswa komhlaba okunqabileyo kweTshayina ngo-2023, uninzi lwezi zinto zisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nombane onamavili amabini.
Imigodi kamasipala ineendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo, imithombo yolwazi eninzi, iindawo zoovimba ezibanzi, namanqanaba aphezulu angenakuthelekiswa nemigodi yendalo. Ngokwengxelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo "yokufunyanwa kwenkunkuma ye-E-Global ka-2020", iyonke inkunkuma ye-e-jikelele ifikelele kwi-53.6 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2019, kunye ne-82.6% elahliweyo okanye itshiswe ngaphandle kokuphinda isetyenziswe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-e-waste yehlabathi ngo-2030 iya kufikelela kwi-74.7 yezigidi zeetoni. Inkunkuma enqabileyo yeemoto zomhlaba kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye neenqwelo zombane ezinamavili amabini (kubandakanywa nezithuthuthu zombane, iibhayisekile zombane, ii-scooters zombane) ziqulethe izinto ezicocekileyo ezityebileyo kwi-ore, ibakala, kunye neemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezinokuthelekiswa nomhlaba onqabileyo. Bamele imigodi yesixeko esinqabileyo ngokwenene. Imihlaba enqabileyo, njengobutyebi obungahlaziyekiyo, ibambe ukubaluleka kobuchule obubalulekileyo ekubuyiseni okusebenzayo nasekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kophuhliso loqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Ngokutsho kwe-EVTank, umbutho wophando lwemarike, ukuthunyelwa kwehlabathi jikelele kwamavili amabini ombane afikelela kwi-67.4 yezigidi zeeyunithi kwi-2023. I-China ibalwa kwi-81.9% yokuthengiswa kwehlabathi jikelele kwamavili amabini ombane, iYurophu kwi-9.2%, kunye neminye imimandla ye-8.9 %. Ekupheleni kuka-2023, ubunini bezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini baseTshayina bafikelela malunga nezigidi ezingama-400, amazwe asaphuhlayo afana neVietnam, i-Indiya, ne-Indonesia nawo anobunini bezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini. Izithuthi zamandla amatsha ehlabathi ziye zafumana kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, kunye neentengiso ezifikelela malunga nezigidi ezili-10 zeeyunithi ngo-2022 kunye ne-14.653 yezigidi zeeyunithi ngo-2023. intengiso yehlabathi. Ubunini bezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwihlabathi ngo-2023 bufikelele malunga neeyunithi ezingama-400 ezigidi, kunye neeyunithi ezingama-40 ezigidi ezizizithuthi zamandla amatsha. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kukhula nge-avareji yomyinge wonyaka wama-23% phakathi ko-2023 no-2035, ifikelele kwi-245 yezigidi zeeyunithi ngo-2030 kwaye inyuke ngakumbi ukuya kwi-505 yezigidi zeeyunithi ngo-2035. Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokutsho kwe-European Automobile Manufacturers 'Association (EAMA), kwi-2023, i-3.009 yezigidi zeemoto zabagibeli zamandla zabhaliswa kumazwe angama-31 aseYurophu, ebonisa ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-16.2%, kunye nesantya esitsha sokungena kwemoto ye-23.4% . I-Alliance ye-Automotive Innovation (AAI) ibike ukuba ukuthengiswa kweenqwelo ze-US ezintsha zokukhanya kwamandla kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala ze-2023 zifikelele kwi-1.038 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-59%. Idatha yeZiko loPhando lweNdawo yokuQala (SPIR) iqikelela ukuba umyinge wezinga lehlabathi lokungena kweenqwelo zamandla amatsha uya kufikelela kwi-56.2% ngo-2030, nesantya esitsha saseTshayina sokungena kwesithuthi samandla sifikelele kwi-78%, iYurophu 70%, i-US's 52%, kunye namanye amazwe. ' 30%. Kukho izixeko ezinemigodi yasezidolophini ezingayi kuphelelwa, kwaye uphuhliso lwemigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo lubalulekile kwixesha elide ekuphuculeni imekobume yendalo, ukufumana amandla amaxabiso omhlaba anqabileyo kwihlabathi, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woqoqosho lwehlabathi. .
Kwihlabathi jikelele, imakethi yokurisayikilisha yeemoto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisetyenzisiweyo inamandla amakhulu. Ngokutsho kwenhlangano yophando lwemarike ye-SNE yoPhando, inani leemoto zamandla ezitsha ezikhutshiweyo kwihlabathi liphela kulindeleke ukuba lonyuke ukusuka kwi-560,000 ngo-2025 ukuya kwi-4.11 yezigidi ngo-2030, 17.84 yezigidi ngo-2035, kunye ne-42.77 yezigidi ngo-2040.
(1) Ukukhawulezisa ukutshintshela eluhlaza, setyhula, kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yemveli kubandakanya ukuhamba kwendlela enye yemithombo ukusuka kwinkqubo yemveliso ukuya kwikhonkco lokusetyenziswa kwaye ekugqibeleni ukumosha. Ithiyori yoqoqosho lwesetyhula yazisa indlela entsha yokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ngokuguqula oku kuqukuqela kwendlela enye kumjikelo omacala mabini. Uphuhliso lwemigodi yasezidolophini lucela umngeni kwindlela yakudala yokufunyanwa kobutyebi kwaye imele umjikelo oqhelekileyo weendlela ezimbini. Ngokuhlaziywa kwenkunkuma, ayinciphisi inkunkuma kwaye yandisa izibonelelo kuphela kodwa ivelisa namathuba amatsha ophuhliso lwedolophu ngenkqubo yokunciphisa nokwandisa.
Imigodi yendalo ivelisa isixa esikhulu senkunkuma ngenxa yemithombo enyiniweyo kunye noxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uphuhliso lwemigodi yasezidolophini ekhula ngokukhawuleza, engacocekanga kakhulu, enexabiso eliphantsi ayiphelisi nje imfuneko yokuhlola, ukugrumba nokubuyiselwa komhlaba kodwa ikwanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukwenziwa kwenkunkuma. Olu tshintsho lutshintsha imodeli yesiqhelo yokukhula "ye-mining-smelting-manufacturing-waste" ibe yimodeli yophuhliso lwesetyhula "yezibonelelo-imveliso-inkunkuma-enokuphinda ihlaziywe". Umthamo onyukayo weemoto zombane ezilahliweyo kunye nezithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini ngonyaka zinegalelo ekukhuleni koovimba bemigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo. Ukurisayikilisha le migodi yomhlaba inqabileyo ihambelana nemithetho-siseko yophuhliso lohlaza, efana nokugcinwa kobutyebi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
(2) Ukurisayikilisha ukuze kugcinwe izixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo
Indlela yokuqonda ukusetyenzwa ngokutsha kwemithombo yezimbiwa ecwangcisiweyo inefuthe kuphuhliso lwexesha elide loqoqosho lwehlabathi. Umgangatho wesinyithi, isinyithi esinqabileyo esinqabileyo, kunye nemithombo yomhlaba enqabileyo kwimigodi yasezidolophini ngamashumi amabini okanye amakhulu amaxesha aphezulu kunoko ore lwendalo. Iimveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezifunyenwe kwimigodi yasezidolophini zigcina amanyathelo okumbiwa kwemigodi, ukuxhamla, ukunyibilikiswa, kunye nokwahlulwa kwentsimbi ekrwada enqabileyo yomhlaba. Inkqubo yemveli yokunyibilikisa imihlaba enqabileyo ifuna izakhono eziphezulu kunye neendleko. Ukuphuhlisa imigodi yasezidolophini ukuze kutsalwe umhlaba onqabileyo kunye neemveliso zentsimbi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha ezilahliweyo kunye neevili ezimbini zombane ngeendleko eziphantsi kubaluleke kakhulu ngobuchule ekukhuseleni ubutyebi bemigodi enqabileyo yehlabathi kunye nokugcina uphuhliso loqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Umndilili wombane wemoto enamavili amabini ufuna i-0.4-2kg yeemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-0.1-0.6kg yezinto zepraseodymium. I-China ilahla ngaphezulu kwe-60 yezigidi zeemoto zombane ezinamavili amabini ngonyaka, apho malunga neetoni ezingama-25,000 zemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokufunyanwa, ezixabisa malunga ne-10 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kubandakanya i-7,000 yeetoni zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zepraseodymium kunye ne-neodymium element, ezixabisa i-2.66 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan (ngokusekelwe kwixabiso le-praseodymium-neodymium oxide kwi-38 yezigidi ze-yuan / toni ukususela nge-1 kaJulayi 2024). Imoto nganye entsha yokuqhuba isithuthi samandla ifuna malunga ne-25kg yeemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, i-6.25kg yepraseodymium kunye neodymium, kunye ne-0.5kg ye-dysprosium. Iimoto zamandla amatsha angama-560,000 ekuqikelelwa ukuba ziya kupheliswa ngo-2025 ziya kuba neetoni eziyi-12,500 zeemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, iitoni ezingama-3,500 zepraseodymium kunye ne-neodymium, ezixabisa i-1.33 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kunye ne-250 yeetoni ze-dysprosium ye-465 yezigidi (ixabiso le-465 yezigidi). i-dysprosium oxide kwi-1.87 yezigidi zeeyuan ukususela nge-1 kaJulayi, ngo-2024). Oku kubonisa esona sixa sikhulu seemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngo-2023, i-China yabeka i-target yolawulo lwemigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo yeetoni ezingama-255,000, kunye namandla okuqhaqha kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona i-30-40% yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezivela kumavili amabini ombane kunye neenqwelo zamandla amatsha, ngokulingana nomthamo wangoku wemigodi yaseChina. imigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo.
Kulindeleke ukuba i-42.77 yezigidi zeenqwelo zamandla ezitsha ezichithiweyo ngo-2040 ziya kuba ne-1.07 yezigidi zeetoni zeemagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, iitoni ezingama-267,000 zepraseodymium-neodymium, kunye ne-21,400 yeetoni zezinto ze-dysprosium. Esi sixa siphezulu kakhulu kuneemveliso zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zizonke ezibekwe zodwa kumthamo wemigodi yemigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo yehlabathi. Olu phuhliso luya kufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwiinjongo zokulondoloza imithombo yobuchule engahlaziyekiyo.
(1) Ukuphucula impilo nentlalo-ntle yabantu
Isixeko esivumelana nendalo ngumzekelo wekhabhoni ephantsi, ulondolozo lwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunyani benkunkuma ejikeleze isixeko kunye nokulahlwa kweemoto zombane ezisetyenzisiweyo, eziqulethe izinto ezinobungozi kwindalo kunye nomzimba womntu, zihlala zikhathaza. Lo mbandela uchaphazela umgangatho wobomi babantu. Uphuhliso lomgodi wasezidolophini aluphelisi nje kuphela iingozi zenkunkuma kwindalo esingqongileyo nakumzimba womntu kodwa luqinisekisa impilo nokhuseleko lwendalo yasezidolophini. Ngaphezu koko, ikhawulezisa ukuqondwa kokuhlalisana ngemvisiswano phakathi komntu nendalo.
2.Iingxaki ezijongene noPhuhliso loMgodi weDolophu
Uhlaza kunye nokususwa kwekhabhoni kuphuhliso loqoqosho nentlalo yimiba ephambili yophuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu. I-China iye yaqulunqa imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi kunye nemilinganiselo yokuphuhliswa kwemigodi yasezidolophini. Ikwaluphucule ulawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo kamasipala kunye nezingcolisi-moya ezintsha ngokubanzi nangokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuququzelela imiboniso yemigodi yasezidolophini kunye neminye imisitho. I-China ikhuthaze ukusetyenzwa ngokutsha kwemigodi yasezidolophini enqabileyo emhlabeni, kunye nokucutha ubungakanani bayo nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho imingeni emininzi ekuphunyezweni kwesicwangciso esibanzi solondolozo kunye nokukhuthaza usetyenziso olunoqoqosho nolunzulu lwemithombo.
(1) Ingqwalasela enganelanga kuphuhliso lwemigodi yasezidolophini
Ukumbiwa kwemigodi oluqhelekileyo lwenziwa ziinkampani zemigodi kwiindawo ezithile zemigodi, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwemithombo yobutyebi kwimigodi yasezidolophini kukwabiwa ngokuphawulekayo. I-inertia ikhokelele kwiinkampani ezininzi ukuba zigxile ekuncipheni kwenani lemigodi yendalo kunye nokutyala imali kuphando oluxabisa kakhulu kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obutsha. Uninzi lwemithombo yezimbiwa ezisebenzisekayo zehlabathi azisekho ngaphantsi komhlaba kodwa zifunjwe phezu komhlaba ngendlela "amangcwaba emoto, "amangcwaba ensimbi, "inkunkuma ye-elektroniki, kunye nezinye inkunkuma. Imigodi yasezidolophini kunye nemigodi yendabuko zindlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu zokumbiwa kwemigodi. Ukwembiwa kwemigodi akusekho malunga nemigodi engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokwembiwa, kodwa malunga nokutyunyuzwa kweemveliso zenkunkuma, ukuhlela, kunye nokukhupha isinyithi, iiplastiki, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ifikeleleka, kodwa ukuqonda elona xabiso lale migodi kunye nokubaluleka kwemigodi kungakhokelela ekusetyenzisweni okupheleleyo ngamashishini amaninzi kufuneka ibe sisiseko sengcamango sophuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu woqoqosho lwehlabathi.
● Ukungonelanga kothungelwano kunye nothungelwano lokulahlwa
Izixeko zemigodi zemigodi ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso sikarhulumente sokuchaza umda wemigodi kunye nobude bexesha. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqokelelwa, ukuhlelwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kuba nefuthe ngqo kuzinzo lobonelelo ngemathiriyeli ekrwada yeshishini. Ukungonelanga kweteknoloji yokudilizwa kukhokelela ekubeni amashishini angakuhoyi ukurisayikilishwa kweemveliso zeemoto ezilahlwayo. Abanye abemi babhenela ekuthengiseni iibhayisekile zombane ezilahliweyo kubathengisi abahambahambayo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemijelo esesikweni yokurisayikilisha, okukhokelela ekubeni abathengi babucala babe ngabaqokeleli bokuqala. Ngaphezu koko, ukurisayikilishwa kwezixhobo zombane ezilahliweyo, iindidi ezisixhenxe zenkunkuma, kunye nokudilizwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iimoto ezilahliweyo kufuna iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kwazo okuphezulu kubuchwephesha obutsha. Kucacile ukuba ukwandisa ulwazi lukawonke-wonke, ukuphucula inkqubo yokurisayikilisha, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho woshishino kubalulekile ekujonganeni nomba wamaqumrhu asasazekileyo okurisayikilisha.
3.Izimvo ezitsha zoPhuhliso lwaseziDolophini
Ixabiso lophuhliso lomgodi wasezidolophini lixhomekeke kuzo zombini isitokhwe esikhoyo senkunkuma kunye nokunyuka kwexesha elizayo kunye nezinga lokukhula. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, kuya kubakho izixeko ezili-17 emhlabeni ezinabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10, izixeko ezili-113 zaseTshayina ezinabemi abangaphezu kwesigidi esi-1. Isitokhwe seenqwelo zamandla amatsha kunye nesixa sezithuthi ezilahliweyo ziya kukhula ngaxeshanye. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlola kunye nokwenza izinto ezintsha ukomeleza uphuhliso lwemigodi yasezidolophini kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu.
● Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo nolawulo lwenzululwazi
I-China, njengomthengi wezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye namavili amabini ombane, iyayiqonda injongo yophuhliso lwemigodi yasezidolophini ukunceda uluntu, ishishini kunye noluntu. Le mpumelelo ayinakwahlulwa kwinkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe, inkqubo ebanzi yemithetho nemimiselo, kunye nemfuneko yolawulo lwezenzululwazi. Ngo-1976, iUnited States yaphuhlisa kwaye yawisa uMthetho wokuLahla iNkunkuma eSolid, kwaye ngo-1989, iCalifornia yapasisa uMmiselo woLawulo oluBanzi lweNkunkuma. Ngomgaqo-nkqubo ongqongqo kunye namanyathelo olawulo, ixabiso lemveliso ye-US yamandla ahlaziyekayo liye lasondela kushishino lweemoto. Ukuzoba izifundo kumava abanye kunye nokwamkela iikhonsepthi zolawulo oluphezulu kunokunyusa inkuthazo yeshishini. Imigaqo-nkqubo encomekayo inokukhuthaza ukuqalwa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ekuyileni iimveliso ezilungele ukusingqongileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifezekise ukuncitshiswa kwemithombo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisa amaphulo okwazisa uluntu, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kakubi, kunye nokuphucula amazinga okuhlaziya inkunkuma. Ukongeza, ukwandisa utyalo-mali kuphando lokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kunye nophuhliso lobuchwephesha, ukukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwabucala nolwangaphandle, kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo awohlukeneyo kunokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwemigodi yasezidolophini, icandelo elibalulekileyo lophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
(2) Ingqikelelo yophuhliso lohlaza ikhokela uphuhliso lobuchwephesha obutsha.
Indlela yophuhliso lohlaza imele utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiparadigm yophuhliso, apho imithombo yobutyebi, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye nezinye izithintelo zisebenza njengeempembelelo ezintsha zokuqhuba imigodi yasezidolophini. Ikwajonga izinto ezinqabileyo, ezinzima-ukucokisa, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu njengamathuba kunye nemingeni. Ukuqamba okuzimeleyo kwamashishini ngundoqo ekuphumezeni uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu, njengoko besamkela ingqikelelo yokuyila yemithombo enyiniweyo kunye nokurisayikilishwa okungapheliyo. Ngokujongana nemiceli mngeni yokuphinda isetyenziswe kunye nokuxhasa itekhnoloji, izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo ezintsha, amashishini anokuvula amandla ezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nokwenza ngokutsha okusulungekileyo. Le ndlela iphefumla ubomi obutsha kwinkunkuma ngokusebenzisa imijikelo emininzi yokusetyenziswa kwakhona, ikhuthaza ukuqhubela phambili kwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe kushishino kunye nokuqinisa ukhuphiswano olungundoqo.
(3) Uphuhliso olupheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi, ikhonkco leshishini elipheleleyo
Uphuhliso lwemigodi yasezidolophini lunxulumene kakhulu nomjikelo wobomi benkunkuma. Iimveliso kwimpucuko yemizi-mveliso ayinakukuphepha ikamva "ukusuka kumntwana ukuya engcwabeni, ukugqiba umjikelo wobomi ukusuka kwimithombo yemigodi, ukuveliswa kwemveliso, ukuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokupheliswa njengemveliso yenkunkuma. Ngexesha lempucuko yendalo, uphuhliso lohlaza olusetyenzisiweyo lunokuguquka. Ukubola kwinguqu engummangaliso Ngokusebenzisa indlela yohlalutyo lwezinto zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphandle ze-input-material cycle-material output, i-flow direction of waste ingatshintshwa isuka "engcwabeni" isiwe kwi "cradle" kwaye iqonde Ikamva "ukusuka kwi-cradle-to-grave". Ngeqonga "le-Intanethi + lokurisayikilisha", uqhagamshelo olusebenzayo lwamakhonkco amathathu amakhulu okuveliswa kwenkunkuma, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma kunokufezekiswa. Ngokuphuhlisa umjikelo wobomi bonke boyilo lohlaza, imveliso eluhlaza, ukuthengiswa kohlaza, ukurisayikilisha okuluhlaza, kunye nonyango, iqonda inguqulelo yekhonkco lemizi-mveliso lonke, kubandakanywa ukuhlenga-hlengisa nokudilizwa, unyango lwangaphambili kunye nokusetyenzwa, ukusetyenzwa ngokutsha kwezinto, kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona.
(4) Ukudlala indima yenkokeli engumzekelo
Ukuphuhliswa kwemigodi yomhlaba enqabileyo edolophini kunokukhuthaza ukuthotywa kwamandla kunye nophuhliso lohlaza kuqoqosho luphela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kobutyebi. Isenokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu ngohlaziyo lwesakhiwo sobonelelo. Ukubonisa kunye nokukhokela ngokuqinisekileyo kubambe ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uthungelwano lwenkqubo yokurisayikilisha, ukulungelelaniswa kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso, ukunyuswa kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ubuchwephesha obukhokelayo kunye nezixhobo, ukwabelana ngeziseko ezingundoqo, ukubekwa kwindawo eyodwa kunyango lokhuselo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kokusebenza nokulawula. Amashishini aphambili anokuqhuba lonke ishishini lemigodi yasezidolophini ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kubukrelekrele, ukhuseleko lwemithombo, ucoceko, kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zomgangatho ophezulu.
(Eli nqaku ligqitywe liQela leNgcali yeSichuan Yuanlai Shun New Rare Earth Materials Co., Ltd., Zeng Zheng, kunye neNgoma Donghui, becaphula inqaku elithi "Indlela yokwenza uPhuhliso lweMigodi yaseDolophini ePhakamileyo nguZhu Yan kunye noLi Xuemei kwiSikolo seNdalo kwiYunivesithi yaseRenmin yaseTshayina.)