Ukuphazamisa Ikusasa! Ozibuthe be-NdFeB bahola kanjani inguquko eluhlaza embonini yezimoto

Njengesixhobo sikazibuthe esisebenza kahle esingajwayelekile esihlala emhlabeni, i-neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) ithathe indawo yamasu angenakushintshwa embonini yezimoto zikagesi ngezinto zayo ezinhle kazibuthe kusukela yasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela yiSumitomo Special Metals kanye neGeneral Motors ngo-1982. . Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwalokhu kwaziswa akuthuthukisi kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuminyana kwamandla ezinjini, kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okwenza umnikelo obalulekile ekufezekisweni kokugcinwa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke, ukunciphisa ukungcola, kanye nemigomo yentuthuko esimeme. Le ndatshana izodingida kabanzi ngomthelela we-NdFeB embonini yezimoto, amathuba embonini, nezinselelo namathuba ebhekene nawo, futhi ihlanganise idatha yezimboni nokuhlaziywa kwemakethe, amacala athile, kanye nezitayela zobuchwepheshe ukuhlola isimo samanje nesiqondiso sentuthuko. yalo mkhakha ngombono ojulile.

1. Ukukhula Kwesidingo kanye Nokwandiswa Kwemakethe: Ukwenziwa ngcono emhlabeni wonke kwamazinga okusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokugcizelela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya, i-automation yezimboni, kanye nezinye izinkambu ezisafufusa, kuholele ekwenyukeni kwesidingo semishini ephezulu. ukusebenza, izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ozibuthe be-NdFeB abangapheli sebephenduke into ekhethwayo kule mikhakha ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezinhle kakhulu zikazibuthe, ezibe nomthelela ngqo ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwemboni ye-NdFeB kanye nokwanda okusheshayo kwesikali semakethe. Ngokwemibiko yezimboni, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-NdFeB ikhule kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula ku-CAGR engaphezu kuka-10% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
2. Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono izindleko: Abakhiqizi bamamagnethi ahlala njalo e-NdFeB babhekene nezinselelo eziningi zokunciphisa izindleko, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokuhlinzeka. Kuze kube manje, imboni iqhubekile nokutshala imali ocwaningweni ukuze ihlole ukwakheka kwezinto ezintsha kanye nokwandisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza, njengokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-powder metallurgy kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa kwendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokugqwala kozibuthe be-NdFeB. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwesekethe kazibuthe kanye nesakhiwo sikazibuthe, ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwamamotho kungathuthukiswa, kuncishiswe ukuthembela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kanye nokwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza sezizonke.
3. Ubungane bemvelo kanye nokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo: Izinjini zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-NdFeB zinenzuzo enkulu ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ngakho bathole ukunakwa okubanzi nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo emphakathini wamazwe ngamazwe. Ohulumeni bethule izikhuthazo zokukhuthaza i-R&D kanye nokusebenzisa izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezihlinzeka ngendawo yangaphandle ekahle kanye nomfutho wentuthuko yemboni ye-NdFeB.

Ukuphumelela okuphindwe kabili ezindlekweni nasekusebenzeni ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe

1. Amandla Aluhlaza kanye Nentuthuko Esimeme: Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo komhlaba wonke kumandla avuselelekayo kanye nokukhula okuqhumayo kwemakethe yezimoto zikagesi, isidingo samamotho asebenza kahle kakhulu sizofinyelela emazingeni angakaze abonwe. Ama-Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) asetshenziswa ngokwandayo kuma-turbine omoya nasezinhlelweni zokushayela izimoto zikagesi, futhi isidingo sikamabuthe be-NdFeB kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke sikhula ngamandla eminyakeni ezayo. Isibonelo, i-Tesla isebenzisa izinjini ezihambisanayo ezizibuthe ezihlala njalo (PMSMs) ku-Model 3 yayo, esebenzisa omagnetic be-NdFeB futhi inikeze ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu nokusebenza kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezimotho ezivamile zokungeniswa, futhi kuyicala eliyingqophamlando lokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ezimotweni zikagesi.
2. Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezinhlelo zokusebenza: Ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo ekwakhiweni kwezimoto kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kuzothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamamotho ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nobuhlakani. Isibonelo, ngokuhlanganisa izinzwa nokulawula ama-algorithms, ama-motor angakwazi ukubona ukuzihlola kanye nokugcinwa kokubikezela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana ne-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), idatha enkulu, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), amamotho azonikezwa ukusebenza okwengeziwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ngokuhlanganisa i-AI nama-algorithms okufunda komshini, amamotho azayo azoklanywa ukuthi ahlakaniphe kakhulu, akwazi ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isimo sawo sokusebenza ukuze avumelane nezimo ezihlukene zomthwalo, eqaphela ukushayela okuhlakaniphe ngempela.

Umoya wasempumalanga wenqubomgomo, i-blue ocean yemakethe

1. Ukuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo namathuba emakethe: Uhlelo lukahulumeni waseShayina "lweminyaka eyi-14 lweminyaka emihlanu" lubeka ngokucacile phambili ekuthuthukiseni ngamandla amasha amandla, izinto ezintsha kanye nezinye izimboni ezisafufusa ezinamasu, izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile, zizoletha izinzuzo zenqubomgomo kanye nemakethe. isidingo senzuzo ephindwe kabili. Amanye amazwe nezifunda nazo zikhuthaza izinqubomgomo ezifanayo, zakha indawo yemakethe ebanzi yemboni yezimoto kanye nemboni ye-NdFeB.
2. Ukuvikeleka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye nokushintshwa kwempahla: Ukuphepha kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ye-NdFeB kuya ngokuya kugqama, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi ukumbiwa nokucutshungulwa kwezinto zayo zokusetshenziswa kugxile kakhulu emazweni ambalwa futhi kubhekene nezingqinamba zemvelo nezinsiza. Ngakho-ke, imboni ifuna izixazululo ngenkuthalo, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kozibuthe basemhlabeni abangabizi kakhulu, abanokuqukethwe okuphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezona eziyivelakancane zikazibuthe zomhlaba njengezithasiselo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza nokusetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-circular supply chain ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokusimama kwe-supply chain yesikhathi eside. Izikhungo zocwaningo zakha omazibuthe be-NdFeB ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-nanocrystalline. Le nto entsha ilindeleke ukuthi igcine izakhiwo zikazibuthe kuyilapho inciphisa ukuthembela ezintweni ezibalulekile ezingavamile zomhlaba futhi ithuthukisa ubungane bezomnotho nemvelo.

Ukumiswa Kabusha Kochungechunge Lokuhlinzeka Nokushintshwa Kwempahla Indlela Yokuqhubekela phambili

Iqhaza eliwumgogodla le-NdFeB embonini yezimoto ayinakushintshwa, futhi ukuncika kwayo kanye nentuthuko efanayo nemboni yezimoto ngokuhlanganyela igqugquzela ukufezeka kwenguquko yamandla aluhlaza emhlabeni wonke kanye nezinjongo zentuthuko esimeme. Uma kubhekwa ikusasa, imboni yezimoto kanye nemboni ye-NdFeB izosebenzisana ukuze ihlangabezane nezinselele, ibambe amathuba, isheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, futhi ifake isandla ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yamandla yesimanje enekhabhoni ephansi, ehlakaniphile futhi ephumelelayo. Kule nqubo, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukusebenzisana kwezimboni kanye nokuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo kuzoba yizici ezibalulekile zokusiza imboni yezimoto yomhlaba wonke kanye nemboni ye-NdFeB iphokophele ekusaseni eliqhakazile.

Ukudala Ikusasa Eliluhlaza Nehlakaniphile

Ukuhlanganiswa okuseduze kwezinto zokwakha ze-NdFeB nemboni yezimoto akukona nje ukuqanjwa okusha ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekuguquleni isakhiwo samandla emhlabeni wonke kanye nezinjongo zentuthuko esimeme. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwezimakethe, izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-NdFeB zizosetshenziswa kabanzi, zinikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile okonga amandla emhlabeni wonke kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla aluhlaza. Khonamanjalo, ibhekene nezinselelo zokuvikeleka kokuthengwa kwempahla kanye nokusimama kwezinsiza, imboni kumele ithathe izinyathelo ezibanzi, ezihlanganisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukuxhumanisa inqubomgomo kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuze kuqinisekiswe intuthuko enempilo kanye nekusasa lesikhathi eside lemboni ye-NdFeB. Ngemizamo ehlanganyelwe yomhlaba wonke, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-NdFeB kanye nemboni yezimoto izodala ikusasa eliluhlaza, elihlakaniphile nelisebenza ngempumelelo.