Isetshenziswa Kanjani kabusha I-Rare Earth Motors Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yezimayini zasemadolobheni
Ukubaluleka Kokuthuthukiswa Kwezimayini Zasemadolobheni Ekuthuthukisweni Kwekhwalithi Ekugayweni Kabusha Kwezithuthuthu Zomhlaba Ezingavamile
Nakuba imithombo yemvelo yomhlaba iya ngokuya incipha, “insiza” eyingqayizivele yemfucumfucu yasemadolobheni iyaqhubeka ikhula, futhi amadolobha asephenduke izindawo ezinothile ezinkulu kakhulu emphakathini wesintu. Izinsiza ezikhishwe emhlabathini zihlanganiswa ndawonye emadolobheni ngendlela yezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezikhiqizwayo, futhi izinsalela ezikhona ekupheleni kwenqubo yokusetshenziswa ziphendule amadolobha abe olunye uhlobo "lwemayini". Ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe yi-US Geological Survey (USGS) ngo-2023, izindawo zokulondoloza umhlaba ezingavamile zaseShayina zibalelwa ku-35.2% womhlaba, izimayini zibalelwa ku-58% womhlaba, kanti ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okuyivelakancane kubalelwa ku-65% womhlaba, ngokwezinga. okokuqala emhlabeni kuzo zontathu lezi zici. I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, ithekelisa, futhi isebenzisa umhlaba ongavamile, ethatha isikhundla esiphezulu. Inombolo enkulu yemikhiqizo yomhlaba engavamile ingene kuzo zonke izici zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni. Idatha evela ku-Huajing Industrial Research Institute ikhombisa ukuthi izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela zomhlaba ezingavamile zibalele ngaphezu kuka-42% wokusetshenziswa komhlaba okungavamile e-China ngo-2023, iningi lalezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ezimotweni zamandla amasha namasondo amabili kagesi.
Izimayini zikamasipala zinezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, imithombo eningi, izindawo zokulondoloza imvelo ezibanzi, namabanga aphezulu angenakuqhathaniswa nezimayini zemvelo. Ngokombiko weZizwe Ezihlangene othi "2020 Global E-waste Detection", isamba se-e-waste yomhlaba wonke safinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-53.6 ngo-2019, kwathi ama-82.6% alahlwa noma ashiswa ngaphandle kokugaywa kabusha. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-e-waste yomhlaba wonke ngo-2030 izofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-74.7. Izithuthuthu zomhlaba ezingavamile ezimotweni ezimotweni zamandla amasha kanye nezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili (okuhlanganisa izithuthuthu zikagesi, amabhayisikili kagesi, izithuthuthu zikagesi) ziqukethe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile ezinothe nge-ore, ibanga, kanye nemikhiqizo yomhlaba engavamile uma iqhathaniswa nomhlaba ongavamile. Zimelela izimayini zedolobha ezingavamile ngempela. I-Rare Earths, njengomthombo ongavuseleleki, ibambe ukubaluleka kwamasu okubalulekile ekuvuseleleni ngempumelelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kokuthuthukiswa komnotho womhlaba.
Ngokusho kwe-EVTank, inhlangano yocwaningo lwemakethe, ukuthunyelwa emhlabeni wonke kwamasondo amabili kagesi kufinyelele kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-67.4 ngo-2023. I-China yabalelwa ku-81.9% wokuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kwamasondo amabili kagesi, i-Europe ngo-9.2%, nezinye izifunda ngo-8.9 %. Ekupheleni kuka-2023, ubunikazi bezimoto zikagesi zase-China ezinamasondo amabili bufinyelele cishe ezigidini ezingama-400, amazwe asathuthuka njengeVietnam, i-India, ne-Indonesia nawo anobunikazi bezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezinamasondo amabili. Izimoto ezintsha ezikhiqiza amandla emhlabeni jikelele eminyakeni emibili edlule, zidayiswe zifinyelele cishe ezigidini ezingu-10 ngo-2022 kanye namayunithi angu-14.653 million ngo-2023. ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke. Ubunikazi bezimoto ezintsha emhlabeni wonke ngo-2023 sebufinyelele cishe ezigidini ezingama-400, kanti amayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-40 kuyizimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla. Kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngesilinganiso sonyaka esingama-23% phakathi kuka-2023 no-2035, ifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-245 zamayunithi ngo-2030 futhi iphinde ikhule ibe amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-505 ngo-2035. Umfutho wokukhula uyashesha. Ngokusho kwe-European Automobile Manufacturers 'Association (EAMA), ngo-2023, kwabhaliswa izimoto ezithwala amandla amasha eziyizigidi ezi-3.009 emazweni angama-31 ase-Europe, okukhombisa ukunyuka konyaka ngo-16.2%, nesilinganiso esisha sokungena kwezimoto zamandla esingu-23.4%. . I-Alliance for Automotive Innovation (AAI) ibike ukuthi ukudayiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zase-US ezisebenza ngamalambu amancane ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2023 zifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-1.038 zamayunithi, okuwukukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngama-59%. Imininingwane ye-Starting Point Research Institute (SPIR) ibikezela ukuthi izinga lokungena emhlabeni jikelele kwezimoto ezintsha ezinamandla lizofinyelela ku-56.2% ngo-2030, izinga lokungena kwezimoto ezintsha zaseChina lifinyelele ku-78%, e-Europe 70%, e-US 52%, namanye amazwe. ' 30%. Kunamadolobha anezimayini zasemadolobheni angeke aphele, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni ezingavamile kubalulekile isikhathi eside ukuze kuthuthukiswe imvelo, ukuthola amandla entengo yomhlaba ayivelakancane, kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko yezinga eliphezulu yomnotho womhlaba. .
Emhlabeni jikelele, imakethe yokugaywa kabusha kwamamotho asetshenziswa umhlaba angavamile inamandla amakhulu. Ngokusho kwenhlangano yocwaningo lwemakethe i-SNE Research, isibalo sezimoto zamandla amasha ezilahliwe emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sisuka ku-560,000 ngo-2025 siye ezigidini ezingu-4.11 ngo-2030, 17.84 million ngo-2035, kanye nezigidi ezingu-42.77 ngo-2040.
(1) Ukusheshisa ukushintshela kokuluhlaza, okuyindilinga, kanye nekhabhoni ephansi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yendabuko kuhilela ukugeleza kwendlela eyodwa kwezinsiza zisuka ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ziye exhunyweni lokusetshenziswa futhi ekugcineni zimosheke. Ithiyori yomnotho oyindilinga yethula indlela entsha yokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngokuguqula lokhu kugeleza kwendlela eyodwa kube umjikelezo wezindlela ezimbili. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni kubekela inselele indlela evamile yokutholwa kwezinsiza futhi kumelela umjikelezo wezindlela ezimbili. Ngokwenza kabusha imfucuza, akunciphisi udoti kuphela futhi kwandise izinsiza kodwa futhi kudala amathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa kwedolobha ngenqubo yokunciphisa nokuthuthukisa.
Izimayini zemvelo zikhiqiza inani elikhulu lemfucuza ngenxa yezinsiza ezilinganiselwe kanye nokucindezela kwemvelo. Ngokuphambene, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni ezikhula ngokushesha, ezingahlanzekile, nezindleko eziphansi akuqedi nje kuphela isidingo sokuhlola, ukumba, nokubuyiselwa komhlaba kodwa futhi kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuphehlwa kwemfucuza. Lokhu kushintsha kushintsha imodeli yokukhula komugqa ongokwesiko "yezimayini-zokukhiqiza-imfucuza" ibe imodeli yokuthuthukisa eyindilinga "yezinsiza-imikhiqizo-izinto ezilahlwayo-ezivuselelekayo". Umthamo okhulayo wezimoto zikagesi ezilahliwe kanye nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezinamasondo amabili minyaka yonke unomthelela ekukhuleni kweziqiwi zezimayini zasemadolobheni ezingavamile. Ukugaywa kabusha kwalezi zimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kuhambisana nemigomo yokuthuthukiswa kohlaza, njengokongiwa kwezinsiza, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
(2) Ukugaywa kabusha ukuze konge izinsiza zamasu
Ukubona kanjani ukugaywa kabusha kwezimbiwa zamasu kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside komnotho womhlaba. Izinga lezinsimbi, izinsimbi eziyigugu eziyivelakancane, kanye nezinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile ezimayini zasemadolobheni liphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingamakhulu kunalelo lensimbi yemvelo. Imikhiqizo yomhlaba eyivelakancane etholwe ezimayini zasemadolobheni ilondoloza izinyathelo zokumba, ukuhlomula, ukuncibilikisa, nokuhlukaniswa kwensimbi eluhlaza eyivelakancane. Inqubo yendabuko yokuncibilikisa yomhlaba ongavamile idinga amakhono aphezulu kanye nezindleko. Ukuthuthukisa izimayini zasemadolobheni ukuze kukhishwe umhlaba ongavamile kanye nemikhiqizo yensimbi enozibuthe yomhlaba ezimotweni ezilahliwe zamandla amasha namasondo amabili kagesi ngezindleko eziphansi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni izinsiza zezimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nokugcina ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Isilinganiso semoto kagesi enamasondo amabili sidinga u-0.4-2kg wezibuthe zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kanye no-0.1-0.6kg wezinto ze-praseodymium. I-China ilahla izimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-60 ngonyaka, okungatholakala kuzo cishe amathani angu-25,000 wezibuthe zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, ezingaba ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10. Ukuthola kabusha kuhlanganisa amathani angu-7,000 wezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba ze-praseodymium ne-neodymium, yenani lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.66 (ngokusekelwe enanini le-praseodymium-neodymium oxide ku-38 million yuan/ton kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Julayi 2024). Injini ngayinye entsha yokushayela imoto yamandla idinga cishe u-25kg wezibuthe zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, u-6.25kg we-praseodymium ne-neodymium, kanye no-0.5kg we-dysprosium. Izimoto ezintsha ezingu-560,000 zamandla okuhloswe ukuthi zizoyekiswa ukusebenza ngo-2025 zizoqukatha amathani angu-12,500 wezibuthe zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, amathani angu-3,500 e-praseodymium ne-neodymium, enenani lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.33, kanye namathani angu-250 e-dysprosium eyizigidi ezingu-46 ngenani elisekelwe ku-467 million. i-dysprosium oxide ku-1.87 million yuan kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Julayi 2024). Lokhu kumelela inani elikhulu kunawo wonke lamazibuthe omhlaba angavamile emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2023, i-China yabeka umgomo wokulawula izimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezingamathani angama-255,000, onamandla okuhlakaza futhi abuyise u-30-40% wezinto zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezimotweni zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili kanye nezimoto ezinamandla ezintsha, okulingana nenani lezimayini lamanje laseChina. izimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile.
Kulindeleke ukuthi izimoto ezinamandla ezintsha eziyizigidi ezingama-42.77 ezachithwa ngo-2040 zizoqukatha amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.07 wezibuthe zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, amathani angu-267,000 wezakhi ze-praseodymium-neodymium, kanye namathani angu-21,400 wezakhi ze-dysprosium. Lesi samba sikhulu kakhulu kunesamba semikhiqizo yomhlaba engavamile ehlukanisiwe nenani lezimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile emhlabeni jikelele. Le ntuthuko izofeza ngokuphelele umgomo wokulondoloza izinsiza zamasu ezingavuseleleki.
(1) Ukuthuthukisa impilo nenhlalakahle yabantu
Idolobha elivumelana nemvelo liyimodeli yokongiwa kwekhabhoni ephansi, imvelo. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lemfucumfucu ezungeze idolobha kanye nokulahlwa kwezimoto zikagesi ezisetshenzisiwe, eziqukethe izinto eziyingozi emvelweni nasemzimbeni womuntu, kusalokhu kukhathaza. Lolu daba luthinta izinga lempilo yabantu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemayini yasemadolobheni akugcini nje ngokuqeda izingozi zemfucuza emvelweni nasemizimbeni yabantu kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa impilo nokuphepha kwemvelo yasemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusheshisa ukufezeka kokuhlalisana okuvumelanayo phakathi komuntu nemvelo.
2.Izingqinamba Ezibhekene Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezimayini Zasemadolobheni
Ukutshala nokususwa kwekhabhoni kokuthuthukiswa komnotho nenhlalakahle yizici ezibalulekile zentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu. I-China yakhe izinqubomgomo nezinyathelo eziningi zokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni. Iphinde yathuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile kamasipala kanye nezinto ezintsha ezingcolisayo ngokuphelele nangemigudu eyahlukene ngokuhlela imibukiso yasezimayini zasemadolobheni neminye imicimbi. I-China ikhuthaze ukusabalala kokugaywa kabusha kwezimayini zasemadolobheni ezingavamile, kanye nokuncishiswa kwazo ngobuningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Nokho, kusenezinselelo eziningi ekuqaliseni isu eliphelele lokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela eyongayo nangokujulile.
(1) Ukunaka okunganele ekuthuthukisweni kwezimayini zasemadolobheni
Ukumbiwa kwezimayini okuvamile kwenziwa yizinkampani zezimayini ezindaweni ezithile zezimayini, kanti ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza ezimayini zasemadolobheni kuhlukaniswa ngokuphawulekayo. I-inertia iholele ekutheni izinkampani eziningi zigxile enanini elinciphayo lezimayini zemvelo kanye nokutshala imali ocwaningweni olubizayo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha. Iningi lemithombo yamaminerali esetshenziswayo emhlabeni ayisekho ngaphansi komhlaba kodwa inqwabelene phezulu ngendlela "yamathuna ezimoto, "amathuna ensimbi, "imfucumfucu ye-electronic, nokunye okulahlwayo. Izimayini zasemadolobheni nezimayini zendabuko ziyizinhlobo ezihluke kakhulu zokumba. Ukumba izimayini akusamayelana nemigodi engaphansi komhlaba kanye nokumbiwa, kodwa kumayelana nokuchotshozwa kwemfucuza, ukuhlukanisa, kanye nokukhipha izinsimbi, amapulasitiki, nezinye izinto ezigaywe kabusha Abavukuzi abasha badinga kuphela ukuhlukanisa udoti ukuze baqedele ukuqoqwa kwezinsizakusebenza zasemadolobheni kungafinyeleleka, kodwa ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwalezi zimayini kanye nokubaluleka kwezimayini kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni okuphelele ngamabhizinisi Nokho, akuwona amabhizinisi amaningi aqaphela ukubaluleka kanye nokubaluleka kokumba lezi zimayini zasemadolobheni kanye nokuqaphela ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezimayini zasemadolobheni kufanele kube isisekelo semibono sokuthuthukiswa komnotho wezwe okusezingeni eliphezulu.
● Amanethiwekhi anganele okuthutha nawokulahla
Amadolobha anezimayini azimayini ngaphandle kwemvume kahulumeni yokuchaza ububanzi bezimayini kanye nobude besikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqoqwa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuthuthwa, kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza kuba nomthelela oqondile ekuzinzeni kokuhlinzekwa kwebhizinisi ngezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlakaza obungenele buholela ekutheni amabhizinisi adebeselele ukugaywa kabusha kwemikhiqizo yezimoto ezilahlwayo. Ezinye izakhamizi ziphendukela ekuthengiseni amabhayisikili kagesi angcolile kubadayisi abangomahamba nendlwana ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamashaneli asemthethweni okugaywa kabusha, okuholela ekubeni futhi abathengi abazimele babe abaqoqi bokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto zikagesi ezilahlwayo, izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zemfucuza, ukudilizwa kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezimoto ezilahliwe kudinga iziqu ezifanele ngenxa yokuthembela kwazo okuphezulu kubuchwepheshe obusha. Kusobala ukuthi ukukhulisa ukuqwashisa komphakathi, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lebhizinisi kubalulekile ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yamabhizinisi ahlakazekile agaya kabusha.
3.Imibono Emisha Yokuthuthukiswa Kwezimayini Zasemadolobheni
Inani lokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni lincike kukho kokubili isitokwe samanje semfucuza kanye nokwanda okuzayo nezinga lokukhula. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, kuzoba namadolobha angu-17 emhlabeni anabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10, amadolobha angu-113 eChina anabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa. Isitokwe sezimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha kanye nenani lezimoto ezilahliwe zizokhula ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlola nokwenza izinto ezintsha ukuze kuqiniswe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni futhi kugqugquzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
● Ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo nokuphathwa kwesayensi
I-China, njengomthengi wezimoto zamandla amasha namasondo amabili kagesi, iyawufeza umgomo wokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni ukuze kusizwe umphakathi, izimboni kanye nesintu. Le mpumelelo ayinakuhlukaniswa nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo yezinga likazwelonke, uhlelo oluphelele lwemithetho neziqondiso, kanye nesidingo sokuphathwa kwesayensi. Ngo-1976, i-United States yasungula futhi yashaya i-Solid Waste Disposal Act, futhi ngo-1989, i-California yaphasisa i-Comprehensive Waste Management Ordinance. Ngenqubomgomo eqinile nezinyathelo zokulawula, inani lokukhiphayo lemboni yamandla avuselelekayo yase-US selisondele kulelo lemboni yezimoto. Ukudweba izifundo kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye kanye nokwamukela imiqondo yokuphatha ethuthukile kungakhuphula ugqozi lwebhizinisi. Izinqubomgomo ezithandekayo zingakhuthaza ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ekuklameni imikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo, futhi ekugcineni zizuze ukuncishiswa kwemithombo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisa imikhankaso yokuqwashisa umphakathi, kugqugquzelwe imikhuba yokusetshenziswa ngendlela eyongayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza. Ukwengeza, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni lokulahlwa kwemfucuza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese nokwangaphandle, nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene kungasheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni, ingxenye ebalulekile yentuthuko esimeme.
(2) Umqondo wokuthuthukiswa kohlaza uqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kohlaza imele ushintsho olukhulu ku-paradigm yentuthuko, lapho izinsiza, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nezinye izithiyo zisebenza njengezisusa ezintsha zokumba izimayini zasemadolobheni. Iphinde ibuke izinto ezingavamile, okunzima ukuzicwenga, kanye nenani eliphezulu njengamathuba kanye nezinselele. Ukuqamba okusha okuzimele kwebhizinisi kuyisihluthulelo sokuzuza ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, njengoba bamukela umqondo wokuqamba wezinsiza ezinomkhawulo kanye nokugaywa kabusha okungenamkhawulo. Ngokubhekana nezinselele zokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe, okokusebenza, kanye nezinqubo ezintsha, amabhizinisi angavula amandla ezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba kanye nokukhiqiza kabusha okucolisisiwe. Le ndlela iphefumulela impilo entsha ezintweni ezilahlwayo ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo eminingi yokusetshenziswa kabusha, ikhuthaza intuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe embonini kanye nokuqinisa ukuncintisana okuyisisekelo.
(3) Ukuthuthukiswa komjikelezo wempilo ephelele, uchungechunge oluphelele lwemboni
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni kuhlobene eduze nomjikelezo wempilo yemfucuza. Imikhiqizo yempucuko yezimboni ayikwazi ukugwema isiphetho "kusukela ekuzalweni kuye ethuneni, ukuqedela umjikelezo wempilo kusukela ezinsizeni zezimayini, ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo, ukuthengisa, ukusetshenziswa, nokuqedwa njengemikhiqizo engcolile. Esikhathini sempucuko yemvelo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuselela kabusha okuluhlaza kungaphenduka Ukubola kube uguquko oluyisimangaliso. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuhlaziya ukugeleza kwezinto zangaphakathi nokukhishwayo komjikelezo wezinto ezibonakalayo, indlela yokugeleza kwemfucuza ingashintshwa isuka "ethuneni" iye "embelekweni" futhi uqaphele isiphetho "i-cradle-to-grave" "Kusuka kumbeleko kuya ekuzalweni kabusha kaningi. Ngenkundla "ye-inthanethi + yokuvuselela kabusha", ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwezixhumanisi ezintathu ezinkulu zokukhiqizwa kukadoti, ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza, nokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza kungafinyelelwa. Ngokuthuthukisa umjikelezo wempilo yonke yedizayini eluhlaza, ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza, ukuthengiswa okuluhlaza, ukugaywa kabusha okuluhlaza, kanye nokwelashwa, ibona ukuqanjwa kabusha kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, okuhlanganisa ukuhlunga nokudiliza, ukwelapha kwangaphambili nokucutshungulwa, ukugaywa kabusha kwempahla, kanye nokukhiqiza kabusha.
(4) Ukudlala indima yomholi oyisibonelo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zasemadolobheni ezingavamile kungakhuthaza ukuncipha kwamandla nokuthuthukiswa kohlaza kwawo wonke umnotho ezicini ezihlukahlukene, njengokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinsiza. Ingase futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-supply side. Ukukhombisa nokuhola kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuxhunyaniswa kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwezinto, ukuhlunyeleliswa kochungechunge lwezimboni, ukukhushulwa kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili nezinto zokusebenza, ukwabelana ngengqalasizinda, ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa kokwelashwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokumiswa kokusebenza nokuphatha. Amabhizinisi ahamba phambili angaqondisa yonke imboni yezimayini zasemadolobheni iye esiphethweni esiphakeme, esihlakaniphile, esiphephile esisetshenziswa, esihlanzekile, kanye nemikhuba yekhwalithi ephezulu ephumelelayo.
(Lesi sihloko siqedwe IQembu Lochwepheshe le-Sichuan Yuanlai Shun New Rare Earth Materials Co., Ltd., Zeng Zheng, kanye ne-Song Donghui, becaphuna isihloko esithi "Indlela Yokwenza Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemayini Yasemadolobheni Kube-Ikhwalithi ephezulu ka-Zhu Yan no-Li Xuemei eSikoleni Sezemvelo e-Renmin University of China.)